Conclusion
This study described the basic skills and strategies that novice translators as well as student translators need to master in their daily experiences with translation tasks. The main skills proposed are: reading comprehension, researching, analytical, and composing skills. The study suggested other sub-skills and strategies for planting one's feet firmly in the land of translation. The skills and strategies presented in this study represent just the basic level for beginners and students. However, advanced and professional translators may find them relevant as well.
References
As-sayyad, S.,M., (1995). "The problem of English Translation Equivalence of the fair names of Allah in the Glorious Qu'ran": A Contextual Study." MA thesis, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University.
Attia, I.,M.,(1975). "A classification of some common Erodes involved in the process of Written Translation from Arabic into English and some Suggestions for Remedial Measures.", MA thesis, Faculty of Education, Al Azhar University.
Bell R. T.( 1998). Psycholinguistic/cognitive approaches. In Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London, Routledge.
Calderaro, Lic Denis C. (1998). "Considerations on Teaching Translation". Translation Journal, Vol 2 No. 3, July 1988. (On-line). Available: http://accurapid.com/journal/05educ.htm.
Chabban, I.,G.,(1984). "An Analysis of the techniques of translation based on some literary material translated from English into Arabic", Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Al Alsun, Ain Shams University.
El Menoufy, A.(1982). "A Communicative Approach to Translation". Discourse Analysis: Theory and Application. Cairo :CDELT, Mar30-Apr3.
El Shafey, F.,A.,M.,(1985). "Compounding in English and Arabic, Implications for Translation Methodology" M.A Thesis, Faculty of Arts, Cairo University.
El Sheikh, A,A. (1990)."Towards a Systematic Approach to Evaluation of Translation Examinations" Teaching English : The Decade Ahead, Proceedings of the Tenth National Symposium of English Language Teaching in Egypt, CDELT, Ain Shams University, Cairo.
El Zeini, N.,T.,(1994). "Criteria for the Evaluation of Translation : A Pragma-stylistic approach". PhD. Thesis, Faculty of Arts, Cairo University
Enani, M., (1999). Graduated Exercises in Translation from Arabic to English. Cairo: Anglo Egyptian Bookshop.
Enani, M., (2000b). Dictionaries for the Translator, An Introduction. Cairo: Anglo Egyptian Bookshop.
Enani, M., (2001). English-Arabic Translation, An Introduction. Cairo: Anglo Egyptian Bookshop.
Hassan, A.,H., (1997). " Verbal Irony in Arabic and English: A Discourse Approach". MA thesis, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University.
Holmes J. S. (1988). Translated Papers on Literary Translation and Translation Studies. Amsterdam, Rodopi,. ISBN 90-6203-739-9. cited in Osimo, B. (2000). "Translation Course" part one. On-line Book. Available: http://www.logos.it/pls/dictionary/l...one_en?lang=en (25 April 2002).
Hönig h. G. Holmes(1991). "Mapping Theory" and the Landscape of Mental Translation Processes, in Leuven-Zwart and Naaijkens (ed.). Translations Studies: The State of the Art. Proceedings of the first James S. Holmes Symposium on Translation Studies, Amsterdam, Rodopi,. ISBN 90-5183-257-5, p. 77-89. cited in Osimo. B. (2000). "Translation Course" part one. On-line Book. Available: http://www.logos.it/pls/dictionary/l...one_en?lang=en (25 April, 2002).
Massoud, M. (1995). "Producing Realizable Translations in a Culturally-globalized world" English Language in 2000,Proceedings of the 14th National Symposium of English Language Teaching, CDELT, Ain Shams University, Cairo.
Massoud, M.,F.,(1988). Translate to Communicate, A Guide for Translators. New York: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data.
Osimo. B. (2000). "Translation Course" part one. On-line Book. Available : http://www.logos.it/pls/dictionary/l...one_en?lang=en (25 April 2002)
Osimo. B. (2001). "Translation Course" part two. On-line Book. Available: http://www.logos.it/pls/dictionary/l...one_en?lang=en 25 April 2002)
Osimo. B. (2002). "Translation Course" part three. On-line Book. Available: http://www.logos.it/pls/dictionary/l...one_en?lang=en (25 April 2002).
Zidan, A.,T. (1994). "An Exploratory Study of the Acceptability of Target Culture content in EFL Instruction: A Cross-cultural Perspective". Global Age: Issues in English Language Education, Proceedings of the 13th National Symposium of English Language Teaching, CDELT, Ain Shams University, Cairo.
التونى, جمال(2001). فن الترجمة. ط 2 . القاهرة : دار الكاتب المصري .
الواسطى, سلمان داود.(2001)." التفاعل بين الإنسان و الآلة فى الترجمة الحاسوبية ". مجلة التعريب. العدد الرابع.(online). Available: http://www.acatap.htmlplanet.com/ara...es/jour-4.html (Nov. 6, 2001).
خلوصى,. صفاء (2000). فن الترجمة . ط2 .القاهرة: الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب
عنانى, محمد(1994). فن الترجمة. ط 2 . القاهرة :الشركة المصرية العالمية للنشر- لونجمان.
عنانى, محمد(1997). الترجمة الأدبية بين النظرية و التطبيق . القاهرة : الشركة المصرية العالمية للنشر- لونجمان
عنانى, محمد(1996). المصطلحات الأدبية الحديثة . القاهرة : الشركة المصرية العالمية للنشر- لونجمان
عنانى, محمد(a2000). مرشد المترجم . القاهرة : الشركة المصرية العالمية للنشر - لونجمان
فينوتى. لورانس .(2001)." الترجمة و طرق تدريس الأدب " . ترجمة أحمد رامز قطرية . ". مجلة التعريب. العدد الرابع. (online). Available: http://www.acatap.htmlplanet.com/ara...es/jour-5.html (Nov 6, 2001