English Language Tips

[O M I D]

English Language Tips

Adjuncts Adverbs of time, place, frequency, degree and manner, together with Adverbials (phrases that have a function similar to Adverbs), all of which modify the Verb in the Clause or Sentence are known as Adjuncts Adverbials Phrases that function like Adverbs are known as Adverbials. Adverbs An Adverb is a word that can change the meaning of all sorts of grammatical categories, including Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs and Nouns There are a number of different types, such as Adverbs of time, place, frequency, degree and manner. Articles A and AN are the Indefinite Articles, used to show that a Countable Noun is Singular and doesn't refer to any particular example of that Noun. THE is the Definite Article, used to refer to a specific example of a Noun either Singular or Plural. As AS can be an Adverb, a Conjunction and a Relative Pronoun. Auxiliary Verbs An Auxiliary Verb is used together with another Verb to make a Question, make it NEGATIVE, give EMPHASIS, show Tense or a combination of these. BE, DO and HAVE are the Auxiliary Verbs. Conjunctions 2 Conjunctions, like AND, AS, BECAUSE, BUT and LIKE, join up information in a Sentence or Clause. Conjuncts A Conjunct links or relates what is said in two sentences, like HOWEVER; THEREFORE and NEVERTHELESS. Conjuncts are members of the wider group known as Conjunctions. Countable & Uncountable Nouns A Countable Noun can be Singular or Plural. An Uncountable Noun does not have a Plural form. Demonstratives Demonstratives indicate a specific Noun or noun group. The category can be divided into two sub-categories; Demonstrative Adjectives, which are used with the Noun they point to, and Demonstrative Pronouns, which replace the Noun as well as pointing to it. NB THIS; THAT; THESE and THOSE are identical whether they are functioning as Pronouns or Adjectives. Determiners Articles, Numerals, Possessive Adjectives, Quantifiers and Demonstrative Adjectives are all Determiners, which means that they restrict a Noun to a single example or to an identifiable group. Disjuncts A Disjunct modifies a whole Sentence or Utterance by expressing the speaker's attitude, opinion or evaluation of what is being said. Disjuncts are members of the group known as Sentence (or Sentencial) Adverbs and Adverbials. Ditransitive Verbs Ditransitive Verbs can take a Direct Object and an Indirect Object. Interrogative Adjectives Question words, like WHAT and WHICH that accompany and ask for a Noun to be specified, identified or given a number are INTERROGATIVE Adjectives. Interrogative Adverbs Question words that affect the Verb in terms of concepts like TIME (WHEN), MANNER (HOW), REASON (WHY) or LOCATION (WHERE) are INTERROGATIVE Adverbs. Interrogative Pronouns Question words that act like Pronouns, like WHAT, WHICH, WHO and WHOM are called Interrogative Pronouns. Intransitive Verbs do not take an Object Only Transitive Verbs can have a Passive form. Its & It's IT'S is a contraction of either "it is" or "it has". (TAKES APOSTROPHE) ITS shows possession. (NO APOSTROPHE) Like LIKE can be an Adjective, Adverb, Conjunction, Noun, Pronoun or Verb. Modal Verbs A Modal Verb is used to express the speaker's ideas about such things as the possibility, intention, obligation and necessity of the action or state described by the Verb it accompanies. CAN, COULD, WILL, WOULD, etc, are examples of Modal Verbs. Monotransitive Verbs MONOTRANSITIVE VERBS take a single Object. Negative Pronouns NO-ONE; NOBODY; NEITHER; NONE and NOTHING are the Negative Pronouns, which are used to replace a Noun or Noun Phrase and make it negative. Noun Phrase A Noun Phrase consists of a Noun together with any of the words that modify it, including Determiners and Adjectives Numerals Numerals are part of the family of Determiners and consist of Cardinal Numbers (one, two, three ...) and Ordinal Numbers (first, second...). Parts of Speech- Alone As an Adjective, ALONE is Predictive - it cannot come before a Noun. It is also an Adverb - live ALONE, etc. Parts of Speech- Because BECAUSE can be either an Adverb or a Conjunction Parts of Speech- But BUT is a Conjunction, Preposition & Adverb Parts of Speech- Few FEW, FEWER and FEWEST can used an Adjective, Noun or Pronoun Parts of Speech- How HOW can be either an Adverb or a Noun Parts of Speech- If IF is a Conjunction (occasionally a Countable Noun used in the Plural = IFS) Parts of Speech- Just JUST can be an Adjective or an Adverb. As an Adjective, it means being fair and doing what ought to be done. Parts of Speech- Little LITTLE, LESS and LEAST can be used as Adjectives, Nouns andPronouns Parts of Speech- Many MANY can be an Adjective, Noun or Pronoun Parts of Speech- Much MUCH, MORE and MOST can be used as Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns & Adverbs Parts of Speech- Nevertheless NEVERTHELESS = Adjective & Conjunction Parts of Speech- Since SINCE can be an Adverb, a Conjunction or a Preposition Parts of Speech- These & Those THESE is the Plural of this and, likewise, it can be a Demonstrative Adjective or a Demonstrative Pronoun THOSE is the Plural of that. It can also be a Demonstrative Adjective or a Demonstrative Pronoun Parts of Speech- This & That THIS can be a Demonstrative Adjective or a Demonstrative Pronoun THAT can be an Adverb, Conjunction, Demonstrative Pronoun, Adjective, or a Pronoun. Parts of Speech- What WHAT can be an Adjective, Adverb or a Pronoun Parts of Speech- Where WHERE can be an Adverb, Conjunction, Noun or Pronoun Parts of Speech- Which WHICH can be either an Adjective or a Pronoun Parts of Speech- While WHILE can be a Conjunction, Noun or Verb. Parts of Speech- Who WHO can be either an Adjective or a Pronoun Parts of Speech- Whom WHOM can be either an Adjective or a Pronoun Parts of Speech- Why WHY - Adverb or Noun Personal Pronouns I; YOU; SHE; HE; IT; WE; and THEY are the Personal Pronouns that can act as the Subject of a Verb. ME; YOU; HER; HIM; IT; US and THEM are the Personal Pronouns that can act as the Object of a Verb. NB: YOU and IT do not change and HER can also be used as a Possessive Adjective. Possessive Adjectives MY; YOUR; HER; HIS; ITS; OUR and THEIR are the Possessive Adjectives that are used to show who owns something. NB: HER is the same when used in the Personal Pronoun form and HIS and ITS can also act as Possessive Pronouns. Possessive Pronouns MINE; YOURS; HERS; HIS; ITS; OURS & THEIRS are Possessive Pronouns that show who owns something and replace the Noun itself. NB: HIS and ITS are the same when they are acting as Possessive Adjectives. Prepositions Prepositions like IN, OF and ON link Nouns, Pronouns & Gerunds to other words. Pronouns Pronouns are words that can replace or substitute a Noun or a Noun Phrase, inc. I; ME; MINE; MYSELF; SOME; ANY; NO; NOBODY; NO-ONE; NOTHING; THIS; THAT; THESE; THOSE; WHAT; WHICH; WHO and WHOM. Quantifiers Words that show how much of a Noun there is or how many examples of a Noun there are called Quantifiers, a category that includes Numerals and words like SOME and ANY; NONE; EITHER and NEITHER. Reciprocal Pronouns Reciprocal Pronouns show that an action works both ways: James and Kate love EACH OTHER. (This means that James loves Kate and that Kate loves James) Reflexive Pronouns MYSELF; YOURSELF; HERSELF; HIMSELF; ITSELF; OURSELVES; YOURSELVES & THEMSELVES are the Pronouns used when the Subject and Object or complement of the Verb are the same. NB: The second person (YOU) has either a Singular or Plural reference. THEMSELF and ONESELF are often used as an impersonal Singular reflexive pronoun when it isn't clear if the person referred to is male or female. Relative Pronouns Words used to introduce clauses in sentences, like THAT; WHICH; WHO; and WHOSE are Relative Pronouns. So SO can be used to emphasise an Adjective, Adverb or a combination of Adverb + Adjective. So & Such 1 SO can be an Adverb, Conjunction or Pronoun. SUCH can be an Adjective, Adverb or Pronoun Some & Any 1 SOME and ANY can be Pronouns or Quantifiers. Spell SPELL can both regular (SPELL\SPELLED\SPELLED) and irregular (SPELL\SPELT\SPELT). Such SUCH can be used to emphasise a Noun (with or without an Article), or an Adjective + Noun. Themself & Themselves THEMSELF is used as an alternative to HIMSELF or HERSELF when the Gender is unknown or indeterminate. It is, therefore, Singular, which some people use as grounds to find fault with it as a word and call it wrong. THEMSELVES is Plural. They're, Their & There THEY'RE = THEY ARE THEIR = Possessive Adjective
THERE can be used as an Adverb or a Noun. Transitive & Intransitive Verbs Transitive Verbs can take an Object.

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