donya88
05-31-2011, 03:23 PM
Definition
A triangular norm (abbreviation t-norm) is a binary operation http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg on the interval [0,1] satisfying the following conditions:
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (commutativity)
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (associativity)
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (monotonicity)
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (neutral element 1)
Examples
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (minimum or Gödel t-norm)
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (product t-norm)
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (Lukasiewicz t-norm)
No t-norm can attain greater values than http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg. There are many parametrized families of t-norms [Klement et al. (2000)]. The Frank t-norms are defined for all http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg by
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg The limit elements of this family are the above t-norms: http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg, http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg, and http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg. The only t-norms which are rational functions are the Hamacher t-norms defined for all http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg by
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg and for http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg by
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg).
Classification and representations
The idempotents of a t-norm http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg are those http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg satisfying http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg. The bounds 0 and 1 are trivial idempotents. A t-norm is called Archimedean if each sequence http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg where http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg and http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg converges to 0. A continuous t-norm is Archimedean iff it has no idempotents between 0 and 1. A continuous Archimedean t-norm is called strict if http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg for all http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg. Continuous Archimedean t-norms which are not strict are called nilpotent. The product t-norm is strict, the Lukasiewicz t-norm is nilpotent.
If http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg is a t-norm and http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg is an increasing bijection, then
(1)
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg is a t-norm. This way, all strict t-norms can be obtained from the product t-norm and all nilpotent t-norms from the Lukasiewicz t-norm. (These t-norms serve as universal examples of these classes.)
More generally, each continuous Archimedean t-norm can be obtained from the product t-norm using the formula
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg where http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg is an increasing bijection called a multiplicative generator of http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg. (It is not uniquely determined by http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg.) Each continuous Archimedean t-norm has also a (non-unique) additive generator, which is a decreasing bijection http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg such that
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg Generalizations
More generally, triangular norms can be defined (exactly the same way) on any ordered set with an upper bound (serving as the neutral element). They can be also restricted to (possibly finite) subsets of the unit interval. The term triangular norm is usually used for these operations, too. In particular, a t-norm http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg on an interval [a,b] can be defined by (1 (http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Triangular_norms_and_conorms#h)), where http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg is an increasing bijection and http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg is a t-norm on [0,1].
For a family of disjoint subintervals http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg we may define a t-norm http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg called an ordinal sum:
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg where http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg are increasing bijections and http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg are t-norms on http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg All continuous t-norms are ordinal sums of Archimedean t-norms, we may choose http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg
There are t-norms which are not continuous or even not measurable.
A triangular norm (abbreviation t-norm) is a binary operation http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg on the interval [0,1] satisfying the following conditions:
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (commutativity)
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (associativity)
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (monotonicity)
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (neutral element 1)
Examples
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (minimum or Gödel t-norm)
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (product t-norm)
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (Lukasiewicz t-norm)
No t-norm can attain greater values than http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg. There are many parametrized families of t-norms [Klement et al. (2000)]. The Frank t-norms are defined for all http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg by
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg The limit elements of this family are the above t-norms: http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg, http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg, and http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg. The only t-norms which are rational functions are the Hamacher t-norms defined for all http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg by
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg and for http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg by
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg (http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg).
Classification and representations
The idempotents of a t-norm http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg are those http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg satisfying http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg. The bounds 0 and 1 are trivial idempotents. A t-norm is called Archimedean if each sequence http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg where http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg and http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg converges to 0. A continuous t-norm is Archimedean iff it has no idempotents between 0 and 1. A continuous Archimedean t-norm is called strict if http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg for all http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg. Continuous Archimedean t-norms which are not strict are called nilpotent. The product t-norm is strict, the Lukasiewicz t-norm is nilpotent.
If http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg is a t-norm and http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg is an increasing bijection, then
(1)
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg is a t-norm. This way, all strict t-norms can be obtained from the product t-norm and all nilpotent t-norms from the Lukasiewicz t-norm. (These t-norms serve as universal examples of these classes.)
More generally, each continuous Archimedean t-norm can be obtained from the product t-norm using the formula
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg where http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg is an increasing bijection called a multiplicative generator of http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg. (It is not uniquely determined by http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg.) Each continuous Archimedean t-norm has also a (non-unique) additive generator, which is a decreasing bijection http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg such that
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg Generalizations
More generally, triangular norms can be defined (exactly the same way) on any ordered set with an upper bound (serving as the neutral element). They can be also restricted to (possibly finite) subsets of the unit interval. The term triangular norm is usually used for these operations, too. In particular, a t-norm http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg on an interval [a,b] can be defined by (1 (http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Triangular_norms_and_conorms#h)), where http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg is an increasing bijection and http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg is a t-norm on [0,1].
For a family of disjoint subintervals http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg we may define a t-norm http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg called an ordinal sum:
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg where http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg are increasing bijections and http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg are t-norms on http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg All continuous t-norms are ordinal sums of Archimedean t-norms, we may choose http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg
There are t-norms which are not continuous or even not measurable.