اصطلاحات فوتبال soccer terms

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Professional foul:


a foul (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Foul) committed intentionally, usually by a defender (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Defenders) on an attacker (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Attacker) just outside the defender's penalty area (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Penalty_area); used to prevent a scoring opportunity (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Scoring_opportunity) without incurring a penalty shot (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Penalty_shot).



Push pass:

when a player pushes the ball with the inside of his foot to a teammate.



Qualifying Draw:

the division of teams into groups for World Cup (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#World_Cup)qualifying matches (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Qualifying_matches), held 2 years before The Draw (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Draw).



Qualifying matches:

games played in the 2 years preceding the World Cup (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#World_Cup) to determine which teams participate in the tournament.



Receiver:

a player who gets a pass (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Passing) from a teammate.



Red card:

a playing card-sized card that a referee (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Referee) holds up to signal a player's removal from the game; the player's team must play the rest of the game shorthanded (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Shorthanded); presented for violent behavior or multiple rule infractions (two yellow cards (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Yellow_card) = one red card).



Referee:

the chief official (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Officials); he makes all final decisions, acts as timekeeper (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Timekeeper), calls all fouls (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Foul) and starts and stops play.



Regular season:

the schedule of games set before the season; consists of all games played before a playoff (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Playoff) or tournament is held.



Regulation game:

two completed periods (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Periods) of a game, prior to any overtime (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Overtime) or tiebreaker (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Tiebreaker).



Round:

a stage of a tournament at which teams compete; the World Cup (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#World_Cup) tournament has 5 main rounds.



Rugby:

an offshoot from soccer started in the early 1800s; rugby players are allowed to pick up the ball with their hands and run with it, and also make full contact with each other whether going after the ball or not.



Save:

the act of a goalkeeper (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goalkeeper) in blocking or stopping a shot (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Shot) that would have gone into the goal without his intervention.



Score:

to put the ball into the net (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Net) for a goal (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goal); also, the tally of goals for each team playing in a game.



Scorers:

players who score goals (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goal).



Scoring opportunity:

a situation where a team stands a good chance of scoring a goal (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goal).



Screening:

see Shielding (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Shielding).



Set play:

a planned strategy that a team uses when a game is restarted with a free kick (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Free_kick), penalty kick (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Penalty_kick), corner kick (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Corner_kick), goal kick (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goal_kick), throw-in (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Throw-in) or kickoff (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Kickoff).



Shielding:

a technique used by aball carrier (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Ball_carrier) to protect the ball from a defender (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Defenders) closely marking (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Marking) him; the ball carrier keeps his body between the ball and the defender (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Defenders).



Shinguards:

pads that strap onto a player's lower leg to protect the shins should he or she be kicked there.



Shooting:

when a player kicks the ball at the opponent's net (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Net) in an attempt to score a goal (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goal).



Shorthanded:

a team playing with less than its full complement of 11 players.



Shot:

a ball kicked or headed by a player at the opponent's net (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Net) in an attempt to score a goal (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goal).



Shoulder charge:

minimal shoulder-to-shoulder contact by a defender (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Defenders) against a ball carrier (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Ball_carrier); the only contact allowed by the rules unless a defender touches the ball first.



Shutout:

preventing the opposition from scoring any goals (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goal) in a game; for example, a score of 2-0 or 4-0; goalies (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goalie) are often credited with shutouts because they did not allow any goals to get past them.



Side tackle:

an attempt by a defender (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Defenders) to redirect the ball slightly with his foot away from a ball carrier (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Ball_carrier) running in the same direction.



Sideline or touchline:

a line that runs along the length of the field (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Field) on each side.



Single elimination:

a type of tournament where a single loss eliminates a team from the tournament.



Sliding tackle:

an attempt by a defender (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Defenders) to take the ball away from a ball carrier (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Ball_carrier) by sliding on the ground feet-first into the ball.



Small-sided game:

a match (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Match) played with fewer than 11 players per side.



Square pass:

a pass (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Passing) made by a player to a teammate running alongside him.



Starter:

a player who is on the field (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Field) to play at the start of a game; a team usually makes its best players starters.



Steal:

when a player takes the ball away from an opposing player.



Stopper:

the defender (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Defenders) that marks (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Marking) the best scorer (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Scorers) on the attacking team (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Attacking_team), often the opposition's striker (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Striker); exists only in a man-to-man defense (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Man-to-man).




Striker:

a team's most powerful and best-scoring forward (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Forwards) who plays towards the center of the field (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Field); also, the name of the mascotfor the 1994 World Cup (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#World_Cup).



Substitution:

replacement of one player on the field (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Field) with another player not on the field; FIFA rules allow only 3 substitutions per game.

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Sudden death:

a type of overtime (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Overtime) where the first goal (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goal) scored by a team ends the game and gives that team the victory; most overtime in soccer is not sudden death.




Sweeper:

the defender (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Defenders) that plays closest to his own goal (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goal) behind (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Behind)the rest of the defenders; a team's last line of defense (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Defense) in front of the goalkeeper (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goalkeeper).



Tackling:

the act of taking the ball away from a player by kicking or stopping it with one's feet; only a minimal amount of shoulder-to-shoulder contact, called a charge (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Charge), is permitted to knock the ball carrier (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Ball_carrier) off balance.



Territory:

the half of the field (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Field) which a team defends.



Thigh trap:

when a player uses his thigh to slow down and control a ball in the air.



3-on-1 break:

a type of break (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Break) with 3 attacking players (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Attacker)against only 1 defensive player (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Defenders).



3-on-2 break:

a type of break (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Break) with 3 attacking players (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Attacker) against 2 defensive players (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Defenders).



Through pass:

a pass (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Passing) sent to a teammate to get him the ball behind his defender (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Behind); used to penetrate (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Penetrate) a line of defenders.



Throw-in:

a type of restart where a player throws the ball from behind his head with two hands while standing with both feet on the ground behind a sideline (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Sideline); taken by a player opposite the team that last touched the ball before it went out of bounds (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Out_of_bounds) across a sideline.



Tie game:

when two teams have scored the same number of goals (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goal) in a match (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Match); if the game ends tied, it is a draw (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Draw).



Tiebreaker:

a way to choose the winner of a match (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Match) when teams are tied after overtime (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Overtime); in FIFA (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#FIFA) tournament play, a series of penalty kicks (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Penalty_kick) are taken by players from both teams, and the team that scores on more of them is declared the winner.



Timekeeper:

the job of the referee (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Referee), who keeps track of the official time to notify teams and fans when each period (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Periods) is completed.



Timeout:

an official break in the action of a sport; the rules of soccer do not allow for any timeouts; timeouts for television advertising breaks are permitted by NCAA (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#NCAA) collegiate rules.



Touchline:

see Sideline (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Sideline).



Trailing:

running behind another player.



Trap:

when a player uses his body to slow down and control a moving ball, most often using his chest, thighs or feet.



Turnover:

the loss of possession (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Possession) of the ball.



2-on-1 break:

a type of break (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Break) with 2 attacking players (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Attacker) against 1 defensive player (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Defenders).



Two-way midfielder:

the versatile midfielder (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Midfielders) most responsible for organizing play in the midfield (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Midfield) area; often a team's energetic leader.



Unsportsmanlike conduct:

rude behavior.



USSF:

United States Soccer Federation — organization formed in 1913 to govern soccer in America; America's link to FIFA (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#FIFA), providing soccer rules and guidelines to players, referees (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Referee) and spectators nationwide.



USYSA:

United States Youth Soccer Association — the official Youth Division of the organizes and administers youth league competitions, establishes rules and guidelines, and holds clinics and workshops to support players, coaches and referees (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Referee). USSF (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#USSF) and the largest youth soccer organization in the U.S.



Venue:

location where a sporting competition is held.



Volley:

any ball kicked by a player when it is off the ground.



Wall:

a line of 2 to 6 defending players (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Defenders) pressed together shoulder-to-shoulder to protect their goal (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goal) against a close free kick (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Free_kick); creates a more difficult shot (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Shot)by reducing the amount of open goal area the kicker has to shoot (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Shooting) at.



Wall pass:

a pass (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Passing) by a ball carrier (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Ball_carrier) who sends the ball to a teammate, then runs behind his own defender (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Behind_the_defender) and quickly receives a pass back; used to get a player past his defender without having to dribble (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Dribbling) by him; same as the "give-and-go" in basketball.



Win-draw-loss record:

a summary of the outcomes of a team's matches (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Match); for example, a team with a 3-1-2 record has played 6 games and won 3, tied 1 and lost 2.



Wings or wingers:

the outside forwards (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Forwards) who play to the sides of the strikers (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Striker) and whose primary task is to provide them with accurate crossing passes (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Cross) so they can shoot (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Shooting)at the goal (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goal); often the fastest players and best dribblers (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Dribbler) on a team.



World Cup:

the international soccer competition held by FIFA (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#FIFA) every 4 years between the top professional teams in the world, pitting nation against nation; the most watched event in the world, attracting a television audience of over 3 billion viewers.



Yellow card:

a playing card-sized card that a referee (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Referee) holds up to warn a player for dangerous or unsportsmanlike (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Unsportsmanlike) behavior; also called a caution (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Caution); 2 yellow cards in one game earns a player an automatic red card (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Red_card), signaling his removal from the game.



Zone:

a type of defense (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Defense) that assigns each defender (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Defenders) to a particular area in front of or around his team's goal (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Goal) in which he is responsible for marking (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Marking) any attacker (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html#Attacker) that enters; often used in youth league games but rarely in professional competition.

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REFERENCE : Soccer Glossary (http://www.firstbasesports.com/soccer_glossary.html)