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توجه ! این یک نسخه آرشیو شده می باشد و در این حالت شما عکسی را مشاهده نمی کنید برای مشاهده کامل متن و عکسها بر روی لینک مقابل کلیک کنید : دختري با گوشواره مرواريد(زندگي ورمير)



فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:32 AM
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One of the best-loved paintings in the world is a mystery. Who is the model and why has she been painted? What is she thinking as she stares out at us? Are her wide eyes and enigmatic half-smile innocent or seductive? And why is she wearing a pearl earring?
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpgGirl With a Pearl Earring tells the story of Griet, a 16-year-old Dutch girl who becomes a maid in the house of the painter Johannes Vermeer. Her calm and perceptive manner not only helps her in her household duties, but also attracts the painter's attention. Though different in upbringing, education and social standing, they have a similar way of looking at things. Vermeer slowly draws her into the world of his paintings - the still, luminous images of solitary women in domestic settings.
In contrast to her work in her master's studio, Griet must carve a place for herself in a chaotic Catholic household run by Vermeer's volatile wife Catharina, his shrewd mother-in-law Maria Thins, and their fiercely loyal maid Tanneke. Six children (and counting) fill out the household, dominated by six-year-old Cornelia, a mischievous girl who sees more than she should.
On the verge of womanhood, Griet also contends with the growing attentions both from a local butcher and from Vermeer's patron, the wealthy van Ruijven. And she has to find her way through this new and strange life outside the loving Protestant family she grew up in, now fragmented by accident and death.
As Griet becomes part of her master's work, their growing intimacy spreads disruption and jealousy within the ordered household and even - as the scandal seeps out - ripples in the world beyond.

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:34 AM
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg
My mother did not tell me they were coming. Afterwards she said she did not want me to appear nervous. I was surprised, for I thought she knew me well. Strangers would think I was calm. I did not cry as a baby. Only my mother would note the tightness along my jaw, the widening of my already wide eyes.
I was chopping vegetables in the kitchen when I heard voices outside our front door -- a woman's, bright as polished brass, and a man's, low and dark like the wood of the table I was working on. They were the kind of voices we heard rarely in our house. I could hear rich carpets in their voices, books and pearls and fur.
I was glad that earlier I had scrubbed the front step so hard.
My mother's voice -- a cooking pot, a flagon -- approached from the front room. They were coming to the kitchen. I pushed the leeks I had been chopping into place, then set the knife on the table, wiped my hands on my apron, and pressed my lips together to smooth them.

My mother appeared in the doorway, her eyes two warnings. Behind her the woman had to duck her head because she was so tall, taller than the man following her.

All of our family, even my father and brother, were small.

The woman looked as if she had been blown about by the wind, although it was a calm day. Her cap was askew so that tiny blond curls escaped and hung about her forehead like bees which she swatted at impatiently several times. Her collar needed straightening and was not as crisp as it could be. She pushed her grey mantle back from her shoulders, and I saw then that under her dark blue dress a baby was growing. It would arrive by the year's end, or before.

The woman's face was like an oval serving plate, flashing at times, dull at others. Her eyes were two light brown buttons, a color I had rarely seen coupled with blond hair. She made a show of watching me hard, but could not fix her attention on me, her eyes darting about the room.

"This is the girl, then," she said abruptly.

"This is my daughter, Griet," my mother replied. I nodded respectfully to the man and woman.

"Well. She's not very big. Is she strong enough?" As the woman turned to look at the man, a fold of her mantle caught the handle of the knife, knocking it off the table so that it spun across the floor.

The woman cried out.

"Catharina," the man said calmly. He spoke her name as if he held cinnamon in his mouth. The woman stopped, making an effort to quiet herself.

I stepped over and picked up the knife, polishing the blade on my apron before placing it back on the table. The knife had brushed against the vegetables. I set a piece of carrot back in its place.

The man was watching me, his eyes grey like the sea. He had a long, angular face, and his expression was steady, in contrast to his wife's, which flickered like a candle. He had no beard or moustache, and I was glad, for it gave him a clean appearance. He wore a black cloak over his shoulders, a white shirt, and a fine lace collar. His hat pressed into hair the color of brick washed by rain.

"What have you been doing here, Griet?" he asked.

I was surprised by the question but knew enough to hide it. "Chopping vegetables, sir. For the soup."

"And why have you laid them out thus?" He tapped his finger on the table.

I always laid vegetables out in a circle, each with its own section like a slice of pie. There were five slices: red cabbage, onions, leeks, carrots and turnips. I had used a knife edge to shape each slice, and placed a carrot disk in the center.
The man tapped his finger on the table. "Are they laid out in the order in which they will go into the soup?" he suggested, studying the circle.

"No, sir." I hesitated. I could not say why I had laid out the vegetables as I did. I simply set them as I felt they should be, but I was too frightened to say so to a gentleman.

"I see you have separated the whites," he said, indicating the turnips and onions. "And then the orange and the purple, they do not sit together. Why is that?" He picked up a shred of cabbage and a piece of carrot and shook them like dice in his hand.

I looked at my mother, who nodded slightly.

"The colors fight when they are side by side, sir."

He arched his eyebrows, as if he had not expected such a response. "And do you spend much time setting out the vegetables before you make the soup?"

"Oh, no, sir," I replied, confused. I did not want him to think I was idle.

From the corner of my eye I saw a movement -- my sister, Agnes, was peering round the doorpost and had shaken her head at my response. I did not often lie. I looked down.

The man turned his head slightly and Agnes disappeared. He dropped the pieces of carrot and cabbage into their slices. The cabbage shred fell partly into the onions. I wanted to reach over and tease it into place. I did not, but he knew that I wanted to. He was testing me.

"That's enough prattle," the woman declared. Though she was annoyed with his attention to me, it was me she frowned at. "Tomorrow, then?" She looked at the man before sweeping out of the room, my mother behind her. The man glanced once more at what was to be the soup, then nodded at me and followed the women.

When my mother returned I was sitting by the vegetable wheel. I waited for her to speak. She was hunching her shoulders as if against a winter chill, though it was summer and the kitchen was hot.

"You are to start tomorrow as their maid. If you do well, you will be paid eight stuivers a day. You will live with them."
I pressed my lips together.

"Don't look at me like that, Griet," my mother said. "We have to, now your father has lost his trade."

"Where do they live?"

"On the Oude Langendijck, where it intersects with the Molenpoort."

"Papists' Corner? They're Catholic?"

"You can come home Sundays. They have agreed to that." My mother cupped her hands around the turnips, scooped them up along with some of the cabbage and onions and dropped them into the pot of water waiting on the fire. The pie slices I had made so carefully were ruined.

**
I climbed the stairs to see my father. He was sitting at the front of the attic by the window, where the light touched his face. It was the closest he came now to seeing.

Father had been a tile painter, his fingers still stained blue from painting cupids, maids, soldiers, ships, children, fish, flowers, animals onto white tiles, glazing them, firing them, selling them. One day the kiln exploded, taking his eyes and his trade. He was the lucky one – two other men died.

I sat next to him and held his hand.

"I heard," he said before I could speak. "I heard everything." His hearing had taken the strength from his missing eyes.
I could not think of anything to say that would not sound reproachful.

"I'm sorry, Griet. I would like to have done better for you." The place where his eyes had been, where the doctor had sewn shut the skin, looked sorrowful. "But he is a good gentleman, and fair. He will treat you well." He said nothing about the woman.

"How can you be sure of this, Father? Do you know him?"

"Don't you know who he is?"

"No."

"Do you remember the painting we saw in the Town Hall a few years ago, which van Ruijven was displaying after he bought it? It was a view of Delft, from the Rotterdam and Schiedam Gates. With the sky that took up so much of the painting, and the sunlight on some of the buildings."

"And the paint had sand in it to make the brickwork and the roofs look rough," I added. "And there were long shadows in the water, and tiny people on the shore nearest us."

"That's the one." Father's sockets widened as if he still had eyes and was looking at the painting again.

I remembered it well, remembered thinking that I had stood at that very spot many times and never seen Delft the way the painter had.

"That man was van Ruijven?"

"The patron?" Father chuckled. "No, no, child, not him. That was the painter. Vermeer. That was Johannes Vermeer and his wife. You're to clean his studio."

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:40 AM
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg
"Do you remember the painting we saw in the Town Hall a few years ago? It was a view of Delft, from the Rotterdam and Schiedam Gates. With the sky that took up so much of the painting, and the sunlight on some of the buildings."
"And the paint had sand in it to make the brickwork and the roofs look rough. And there were long shadows in the water, and tiny people on the shore nearest us."
"That's the one."
I remembered it well, remembered thinking that I had stood at that very spot many times and never seen Delft the way the painter had.
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:41 AM
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:42 AM
Entranced with herself in the mirror, she did not seem to be aware that anyone was looking at her.
I wanted to wear the mantle and the pearls. I wanted to know the man who painted her like that. http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg
Woman With a Pearl Necklace
Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz,
Gemaldegalerie, Berlin-Dahlem

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:43 AM
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:43 AM
"When he painted Tanneke she stood there happily pouring milk for months without a thought passing through that head, God love her." http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg
The Milkmaid
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:44 AM
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:44 AM
"You remember the last one," Maria Thins reminded Catharina. "The maid. Remember van Ruijven and the maid in the red dress!"
Catharina snorted with muffled laughter.
"That was the last time anyone looked out from one of his paintings," Maria Thins continued, "and what a scandal that was!" http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg
The Girl With the Wineglass
Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum (http://www.dhm.de/museen/haum/), Brunswick

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:45 AM
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:48 AM
"Look at me," he said.
She looked at him. Her eyes were large and dark, almost black.
He gave her a quill and paper. She sat in the chair, leaning forward, and wrote, an inkwell at her right. He opened a pair of the upper shutters and closed the bottom pair. The room became darker but the light shone on her high round forehead, on her arm resting on the table, on the sleeve of the yellow mantle.
"Move your left hand forward slightly," he said. "There."
She wrote.
"Look at me," he said.
She looked at him. http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg
A Lady Writing
National Gallery of Art (http://www.nga.gov/), Washington, D.C.

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:48 AM
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:48 AM
"In between the women is a man sitting with his back to us–"
"Van Ruijven," my father interrupted.
"Yes, van Ruijven. All that can be seen of him is his back, his hair, and one hand on the neck of a lute."
"He plays the lute badly," my father added eagerly.
"Very badly. That's why his back is to us – so we won't see that he can't even hold his lute properly."
My father chuckled. He was always pleased to hear that a rich man could be a poor musician.
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg
The Concert
Isabella Gardner Museum, Boston [stolen]

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:49 AM
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:49 AM
"When you look at her cap long enough, you see that he has not really painted it white, but blue, and violet, and yellow."
"But it's a white cap, you said."
"Yes, that's what is so strange. It's painted many colors, but when you look at it, you think it's white." http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg
Woman With a Water Jug
Metropolitan Museum of Art, (http://www.metmuseum.org/) New York

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:51 AM
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:51 AM
"Lick your lips, Griet."
I licked my lips.
"Leave your mouth open."
I was so surprised by this request that my mouth remained open of its own will. I blinked back tears. Virtuous women did not open their mouths in paintings.

http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg
Girl With a Pearl Earring
Mauritshuis (http://www.mauritshuis.nl/), The Hague

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:55 AM
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http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpgLittle is known about Vermeer.For a start, we don't know what he looked like.There are no confirmed images of him, though in one of his early works, [U]The Procuress (http://www.xs4all.nl/~kalden/), a man looks out at the viewer from the edge of the scene, which in Dutch painting of the time was often the artist himself. In The Art of Painting a painter sits with his back to us. We don't know if it's meant to be Vermeer, but it gives us an idea of what an artist in his studio might have looked like. The few known facts about Vermeer's life come from legal documents, of marriages and births and sales and debts. The son of innkeepers, he was born in 1632 in Delft, a town of about 25,000 people best known for its blue and white glazed earthenware. He spent all of his life there, though he may have done a six-year painting apprenticeship elsewhere, possibly in Amsterdam or Utrecht.
In 1653 Vermeer converted to Catholicism and married Catharina Bolnes, a Catholic from a well-off bourgeois family. They had eleven surviving children. The family lived in the house of Maria Thins, Vermeer's mother-in-law, in an area off the main Market Square known as Papists' Corner because of the concentration of Catholics living there. Only 20% of the population were Catholic; the rest were Protestant. Catholics were tolerated but barred from municipal functions and required to worship privately. There were two "hidden" churches in Delft, one right next door to Maria Thins' house.
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpgAlso in 1653 Vermeer joined the Guild of Saint Luke as a master painter -- an important step in his career as a painter, it meant he had completed his apprenticeship and was ready to work professionally as an artist.
He did not make a living from his paintings, however, possibly because he painted so few - just 35 are known to exist, and he produced only two or three a year. He quite likely had a patron, perhaps Pieter van Ruijven, who bequeathed several Vermeers to his daughter. Vermeer was also an art dealer, but his primary source of income was his mother-in-law.
Vermeer painted mostly domestic interiors, often of a woman alone doing something: pouring milk, weighing jewels, reading a letter, playing a lute. It is not known who any of the models were. They were probably all painted in the same room, Vermeer's studio on the first floor in his mother-in-law's house. The room had three windows and light from the northwest -- preferred by painters because it was more diffuse and even. In most of the paintings the women sit or stand in the same corner, with the light source from the left, so that the shadow of Vermeer's hand did not fall onto the canvas as he was painting.
Vermeer may have used a camera obscura as he painted. A camera obscura brings some parts of a composition into focus while blurring others, as well as intensifying colors. Antony van Leeuwenhoek, who invented the microscope and other optical instruments, was the executor of Vermeer's will, and may well have introduced him to the device.
Vermeer's death in 1675, probably from a stroke or heart attack at age 43, was stress-related, according to his wife. The family was falling further and further into debt, mostly as a result of a war between France and the Netherlands begun in 1672. Not only did the art market collapse, income from Maria Thins' rented properties also dried up. Catharina described her husband's sudden decline thus:
"As a result and owing to the very great burden of his children, having no means of his own, he had lapsed into such decay and decadence, which he had so taken to heart that, as if he had fallen into a frenzy, in a day or day and a half he had gone from being healthy to being dead."

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:58 AM
http://pnu-club.com/imported/mising.jpg
The idea for this novel came easily. I was lying in bed one morning, worrying about what I was going to write next. (Writers are always worrying about that.) A poster of the Vermeer painting Girl With a Pearl Earring hung in my bedroom, as it had done since I was 19 and first discovered the painting. I lay there idly contemplating the girl's face, and thought suddenly, "I wonder what Vermeer did to her to make her look like that. Now there’s a story worth writing." Within three days I had the whole story worked out. It was effortless; I could see all the drama and conflict in the look on her face. Vermeer had done my work for me.
I have always loved Vermeer's paintings. One of my life goals has been to see all 36 of them in the flesh. In March 2004 I finally saw the 36th—the recently attributed Young Woman Seated at the Virginals (http://www.shareholder.com/bid/news/20040331-132021.cfm). There is so much mystery in each painting, in the women he depicts, so many stories suggested but not told. I wanted to tell one of them.

فرناز
09-30-2009, 10:59 AM
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http://pnu-club.com/imported/2009/09/4779.jpg

فرناز
09-30-2009, 11:02 AM
Girl with a Pearl Earring
stars Scarlett Johannson (Griet) and Colin Firth (Vermeer)

My verdict:I love the film. It is like and yet not like the book, rather in the way sisters resemble each other yet also have distinctive personalities. Of course there have been changes made – primarily trimming away some subplots and combining others. I had thought that the book was short and spare, but the film has shown me that it could have been even shorter! The cuts may surprise readers but I don’t think it will be upsetting. The important scenes are intact, and some subtle reshuffling of scene order has made the story line even stronger.

As you would expect of a film about Vermeer, it is ravishing to look at – each scene beautifully lit and composed, almost like a succession of would-be Vermeer paintings, with some Rembrandts and de Hoochs thrown in for fun. Colin Firth is excellent as Vermeer, managing to retain the painter’s mystery even as we get to know him. But the film belongs to Scarlett Johannson, who is only 18 and has maybe 60 words of dialogue, yet packs so much into her luminous face that I couldn’t take my eyes off her.

After seeing the film I immediately wanted to see it again. That is always a good sign.

BackgroundI sold the option on the film rights (which gives a film company permission to develop an idea with a view to shooting it) to Archer Street films in November 1999, three months after Girl with a Pearl Earring was published in the UK, two months before it was published in the US, and long before it was a success. At the time of negotiating, none of us thought the book would do so well. I said yes to Archer Street because it is a small British production company whose producers demonstrated integrity (a rare enough quality in the film industry) and a desire to remain faithful to what they called the “emotional truth” of the book. I wanted to avoid “Hollywoodizing” the film – stuffing it full of inappropriate famous actors, changing the ending, using intrusive music, sexing up scenes. In that sense it was probably just as well that I sold the rights before the book did so well. I like to think that if Hollywood had come around waving money at me I would have taken the moral high ground and refused it. But hey, we all have our price!

When I did the deal I chose not to have any part in the making of the film, and so did not work on the screenplay. It was the most sensible decision I could have made. I have never written screenplays and don’t intend to be a scriptwriter. I write novels on my own, with just my agents and editors to advise at the very end. Scriptwriters work collaboratively from the start and go through many drafts. In the end their work has many other functions besides telling a story well – it has to attract actors, prove to financiers that it can be a box-office success, and provide a blueprint for production design, costumes, etc. I don’t know how to do all those things. Besides, I’m not necessarily the best judge of my own work. I’m too close to Girl with a Pearl Earring to see which characters can be cut, which scenes expanded, which relationships emphasized, which plot lines scrapped.

Luckily the book landed in the very skilled hands of Olivia Hetreed, who had written for British television but not a full-length feature film. We met briefly a few times, and she had a few questions. But mostly she just got on with it. When she sent me a draft screenplay several months later, it was more out of politeness than wanting advice or criticism. Just as well – it took me a long time to work up the courage to read it all the way through. By the time I did she had probably done two more drafts. (They work fast, these screenwriters!)

It was a strange experience reading someone else’s version of my story. I felt a little sick as I read it, as if from the dizziness of someone else climbing inside my head and looking out through my eyes. Sometimes I was sorry when some scene or character was gone, but mostly I was impressed by how well Olivia had managed to translate a first-person book into a film without a voiceover. (I don’t much like voiceovers – usually they are a sloppy, unimaginative way of presenting someone’s point of view.) I was even envious of some of the visual details Olivia had invented, especially a scene in which Griet plays with the reflection of the bowl she’s polishing and the Vermeer girls chase the spot of light around the courtyard. “Why didn’t I think of that?”I kept thinking as I read.

But a screenplay is not a film. A lot happens in the editing; a lot gets left on the cutting-room floor. Just as I’d had to give up my Girl to Olivia, she had to give up hers to the director, Peter Webber. The final product is his vision more than anyone else’s. We were lucky to have had his eyes.

فرناز
09-30-2009, 11:08 AM
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فرناز
09-30-2009, 11:09 AM
I was born in 1962 and grew up in Washington, DC. I have a BA in English from Oberlin College, Ohio, and an MA in creative writing from the University of East Anglia, Norwich, England. I have lived in London for over 20 years, and am married, with one son. I was a reference book editor for several years before turning to writing full-time. My second novel, Girl with a Pearl Earring, won the Barnes and Noble Discover Award. It has sold almost 4 million copies worldwide and was made into a film starring Colin Firth and Scarlett Johansson.


SOME OF MY FAVOURITE... Love Poems
"A Valediction Forbidding Mourning" John Donne
"A Birthday" Christina Rossetti
"Since feeling is first" ee cummings
"Anticipation of Love" Jorge Luis Borges
"The Hard Hours" Anthony Hecht


Songs to Dance to
Super Freak Rick James
Wanna Be Startin' Somethin' Michael Jackson
Celebration Kool & the Gang
Making Flippy Floppy Talking Heads
I Wish Stevie Wonder